By: Henry Kellerman and
Anthony Burry
The bridge between intrapsychic conflicts in the early
development of identity and the resulting needs and traits that govern
interpersonal behavior is presented. The early, formative stages of development
from which needs and traits typical of the person are derived are considered.
Accordingly, issues of dependency and independence, control
and dyscontrol, assertion and passivity, competitiveness, rivalry, and
ambivalence are discussed. The central characteristics deriving from such conflicts
in each of these stages are related to a variety of emerging interpersonal
tendencies and diagnostic dispositions with a focus on derivative interpersonal
functioning.
Psychosexual Stage
|
Developmental Theme
|
Oral
|
Dependency
|
Anal
|
Control
|
Phallic
|
Assertion
|
Oedipal
|
Competition
|
Derivative oral traits:
• The need for
immediate gratification.
•
Hostile-dependent behavior: petulance, deference, depression, and rage
reactions.
• Lowered self-esteem.
• Magical strivings, grandiosity, and compensatory behavior.
• Diagnostic syndromes include attitudes of the depressive type or the mood of the grandiose manic type.
• Lowered self-esteem.
• Magical strivings, grandiosity, and compensatory behavior.
• Diagnostic syndromes include attitudes of the depressive type or the mood of the grandiose manic type.
•
Hostile-dependent behavior: petulance, deference, depression, and rage
reactions.
• Lowered self-esteem.
• Magical strivings, grandiosity, and compensatory behavior.
• Diagnostic syndromes include attitudes of the depressive type or the mood of the grandiose manic type.
• Lowered self-esteem.
• Magical strivings, grandiosity, and compensatory behavior.
• Diagnostic syndromes include attitudes of the depressive type or the mood of the grandiose manic type.
Derivative anal traits:
•
Demands to perform are experienced and control and mastery are sought.
• The need for autonomy.
• Behaviors and attitudes appear related either to cleanliness, rigidity, righteousness, and reduced empathy or to acting-out, impulsivity, argumentativeness, and impatience.
• An objective, controlling approach, or an impulsive, manipulative approach contribute to interpersonal strains.
• Self-esteem is lowered by an accumulation of anger and resentments.
• Diagnostic syndromes include the overcontrol of the obsessive-compulsive or the dyscontrol of the acting-out or psychopathic type.
• The need for autonomy.
• Behaviors and attitudes appear related either to cleanliness, rigidity, righteousness, and reduced empathy or to acting-out, impulsivity, argumentativeness, and impatience.
• An objective, controlling approach, or an impulsive, manipulative approach contribute to interpersonal strains.
• Self-esteem is lowered by an accumulation of anger and resentments.
• Diagnostic syndromes include the overcontrol of the obsessive-compulsive or the dyscontrol of the acting-out or psychopathic type.
Derivative phallic traits:
• Needs for assertion are denied, passivity emerges, and anger may be expressed inappropriately. • Goals are sensed as inaccessible, contributing to lowered self-esteem and feelings of impotence. • Diagnostic syndromes include a passive-aggressive approach, and narcissistic exhibitionism.Derivative oedipal traits:
• Conflicts regarding loyalty and sexual acting-out with an experience of guilt in relation to disloyalty.• Ambivalence protects against involvement and commitment.
• Competitive strivings and a sense of rivalry are overdeveloped or denied.
• Diagnostic syndromes include a paranoid critical stance in which competitive strivings are overdeveloped or a hysteric mode in which an agreeable, suggestible stance denies competitiveness.
References
Henry
Kellerman and Anthony Burry, Handbook of Psychodiagnostic Testing, Fourth
Edition, 2007, Springer ScienceBusiness Media, LLC.
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