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Wednesday, May 1, 2019

Brief History of the DSM


By: SOPHIA F. DZIEGIELEWSKI

DSM-I was first published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952 and reflected a psychobiological point of view.

DSM-II (1968) did not reflect a particular point of view. Many professionals criticized both DSM-I and DSM-II for being unscientific and for encouraging negative labeling.

DSM-III (1980) claimed to be unbiased and more scientific. Many of the earlier problems still persisted, but they were overshadowed by an increasing demand for use of DSM-III diagnoses to to qualify for reimbursement from private insurance companies or from government programs. DSM-III is often referred to as the first edition that utilized a categorical approach and in previous research studies was often considered the model for comparison.

DSM-III-R (1987) utilized data from field trials that the developers claimed validated the system on scientific grounds. Nevertheless, serious questions were raised about its diagnostic reliability, possible misuse, potential for misdiagnosis, and ethical considerations.

DSM-IV (1994) sought to dispel earlier criticisms of the DSM. It included additional cultural information, diagnostic tests, and lab findings and was based on 500 clinical field trials.

DSM-IV-TR (2000) did not change the diagnostic codes or criteria from the DSM-IV; however, it supplemented the diagnostic categories with additional information based on research studies and field trials completed in each area.

DSM-5 (2013) presented major changes in diagnostic criteria and highlighted a shift toward a dimensional approach over the previous categorical one

References

 SOPHIA F. DZIEGIELEWSK, 2015, DSM-5TM in Action, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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